CHRONIC PAIN IN OLDER ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Background: Chronic pain affects many older adults, often leading to functional disability and mental health issues. Pain is commonly caused by neurodegenerative and musculoskeletal conditions, among others, impacting quality of life and daily activities. Older adults may experience changes in pain processing mechanisms, leading to altered pain perception. Chronic pain in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of dementia. This review aims to explore current research on chronic pain in older adults, including mechanisms, challenges, and potential treatments.

Methodology: A narrative review was conducted to explore the available evidence. The databases were searched using the keywords “persistent chronic pain”, “older adults”, “older adults population”, “incidence” “correlates perceived effect”, “pain management”, and “perceived effects. 

Results: Chronic pain is a persistent discomfort that endures for three months or longer. Pain that persists for this duration signifies a transition from acute pain, which functions as a warning or protective mechanism, to a condition that may possess multifaceted underlying causes. In older adults, chronic pain is often associated with various medical conditions that can profoundly impact their quality of life.

Conclusions: Chronic pain becomes increasingly complex with age, influenced by factors such as institutionalization, altered pain thresholds, and varying impacts on pain coping, particularly among females. It may exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline, diminishing the autonomy and quality of life in seniors, which healthcare professionals must consider. Chronic pain treatment in older adults includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.